The use of surface alkaline phosphatase activity in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica as a biomarker of eutrophication     

Begoña Martínez-Crego  Javier Romero  & Teresa Alcoverro 《Marine Ecology》2006,27(4):381-387

Eutrophication is one of the most relevant man‐induced changes occurring in coastal waters. The identification and assessment of specific responses to eutrophication in seagrasses can provide a useful tool for the detection of changes in the water quality in coastal zones, given the wide range of distribution of these organisms. In this study, we combine a correlational (across‐sites comparison) and a manipulative (fertilization experiment) approach to evaluate the usefulness and potential of alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in the endemic Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica as an eutrophication biomarker. Our results showed that APA decreases promptly following nutrient additions, the response being maintained except during the winter period. APA also varies across natural meadows under different levels of nutrient discharges at scales relevant for monitoring purposes. AP activity seems to be an optimal ‘physiological biomarker’ that responds promptly and reliably to a pulse of eutrophication exposure. However, other considerations, such as the seasonality (the response disappears in winter), suggest its use with some caution and, as far as possible, as a complement of other bio‐indicators.  相似文献   

青岛雾水中SO₂的研究     

宋金明  詹滨秋  李鹏程 《海洋科学》1994,18(2):66-69

大气的严重污染导致雾中溶入ＳＯ2。等物质而形成酸雾（ＡｃｉｄＦｏｇ）。酸雾的研究较少［１～６，８，１０］。美国加州南部酸雾ｐＨ＜３．０，最低１．６３，我国仅对贵州的梵净山及四川的峨眉山等地的酸雾进行过研究，其成分多为常量组分［４～６，１０］。ＳＯ２是大气中重要的污染物，而酸雾中ＳＯ２的研究至今未见报道。因此研究雾水中ＳＯ２及其他成分具有重要的意义。青岛的６～７月为多雾月份，此时盛行风ＳＳＥ１，雾多形成于４～８ｍ／ｓ风速时，雾以上午４～８时频率最大，最小频率出现于午后１４～１６时，青岛海雾最长持续…  相似文献   

酸沉降影响的湖泊沉积学证据   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

朱育新  胡守云  王云飞  尹宇  潘红玺  周万平 《海洋与湖沼》2002,33(4):379-385

以阳宗海为例 ,通过湖泊短柱状沉积物的磁参数、Fe、Al和化石生物的分析研究以及自然酸性湖泊沉积参数的对比验证 ,结果显示 :低频磁化率 ( χlf)、非磁滞剩磁 (ARM)的数值以及介形类、硅藻的属种与浓度变化灵敏地指示工业大气污染和酸沉降的起点、过程和环境变化趋势 ;Fe、Al的显著递减同步于较强酸沉降时段 ,是工业大气污染危害湖泊环境的标志。上述环境参数可作为识别湖泊酸化趋势的沉积学证据。酸性水体的元素地球化学作用及其对水生生物的影响———生物贫化和耐酸物种的扩张是湖泊沉积物重现酸沉降的历史和过程的理论依据。  相似文献   

The release of phosphorus from sediment into water in subtropical wetlands: a warming microcosm experiment     

Zhang ZhiJian  Wang ZhaoDe  Joseph Holden  Xu XinHua  Wang Hang  Ruan JingHua  Xu Xin 《水文研究》2012,26(1):15-26

Global warming poses a great threat to wetland ecological stability and water quality improvement. In this paper, we sampled six types of wetlands representing different kinds of land utilisation around the TaiHu Lake Basin in southeast China. An outdoor computerized microcosm was set up in May 2008 to simulate climate scenarios of ambient temperature (control) and a warmed ambient temperature (+5 °C) using a novel minute‐scale daily and seasonal temperature manipulation technology. The 18‐month incubation indicated that warming impaired the ecological sink of sediment (fixing P from porewater) while strengthening the role of the ecological source, moreover, the rate of P release from sediment into porewater (19–113% for total phosphorus) was much stronger than from top sediment into overlying water. Warming enhanced the activity of neutral and alkaline phosphatases for P‐deficient wetland sediments and neutral phosphatases for P‐rich sediments, at the 14th month of incubation. A significant increase in total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) occurred under warming in sediments with relatively low levels of PLFAs, but bacterial abundance in the sediment biomass tended to decrease (18%) along with an increase (4·5%) of the fungi‐to‐bacteria ratio. The variations of carbon consumption and availability indicated by measured dissolved organic carbon in sediment may have contributed to P release from sediments to water. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Acid mine drainage at a coal mine in the eastern Transvaal, South Africa     

S. Geldenhuis  F. G. Bell 《Environmental Geology》1998,34(2-3):234-242

 Several mines in the Witbank coalfield in South Africa are affected by acid mine drainage. This has led to a deterioration in the water quality in many surface streams. The Loubert Mine is one such mine. Hence, an initial investigation was carried out to determine the source of acid mine drainage pollution and the associated hydrogeological conditions. The investigation showed that most of the acid mine drainage is emanating from old opencast workings which have been backfilled. Most of the water from the backfilled area drains into control reservoirs. Unfortunately their capacity is limited, which means that water overspills and seeps from them. This water finds its way into a nearby stream, the water of which accordingly has an unacceptably low pH value and high sulphate content. The proposals advanced to control the problem basically involve inhibiting the amount of water infiltrating the backfilled opencast area on the one hand and reducing the amount of water entering the control reservoirs on the other. Received: 5 March 1997 · Accepted: 17 June 1997  相似文献   

黄、东海春季海水胞外酶活性水平分布特征研究     

张正雨  田继远  于娟  杨桂朋  崔煜  陈得萍  高萍  许瑞  陈容 《海洋学报》2020,42(4):1-11

海水胞外酶活性可以指示有机物的分布特征以及微生物的营养状况。我们测定了2017年3月25日至4月15日黄海和东海44个大面站以及2018年4月28日至29日胶州湾湾口附近海域10个站位表层海水中的8种胞外酶活性并研究了其分布特征。2017年春季黄、东海表层海水中碱性磷酸酶和脂肪酶活性较高，高值区出现在苏北沿岸和南黄海中部，碱性磷酸酶与磷酸盐浓度之间呈正相关。其余6种酶(肽酶、几丁质酶、纤维素酶、α-D-葡萄糖苷酶、β-D-半乳糖苷酶、木糖苷酶)活性高值区出现在长江口以东的外海，东海的β-D-半乳糖苷酶、木糖苷酶平均酶活性显著高于黄海。8种酶活性平均值排列顺序由大到小为:碱性磷酸酶、脂肪酶、肽酶、几丁质酶、α-D-葡萄糖苷酶、β-D-半乳糖苷酶、纤维素酶、木糖苷酶，其中α-D-葡萄糖苷酶和β-D-半乳糖苷酶的活性基本一致。2018年春季胶州湾附近海域海水中碱性磷酸酶、脂肪酶、木糖苷酶活性分布为近岸高于远岸，几丁质酶活性为近岸低于远岸。8种酶活性平均值排列顺序由大到小为:碱性磷酸酶、脂肪酶、肽酶、木糖苷酶、α-D-葡萄糖苷酶、β-D-半乳糖苷酶、几丁质酶、纤维素酶，其中几丁质酶和纤维素酶的活性基本一致。黄海的碱性磷酸酶和脂肪酶平均酶活性均显著高于东海和胶州湾附近海域。糖类水解酶(几丁质酶、纤维素酶、α-D-葡萄糖苷酶、β-D-半乳糖苷酶、木糖苷酶)平均酶活性在黄海最低。本文的结果对于理解中国近海海水有机碳的分布、浮游植物及异养细菌对有机碳的降解具有重要意义。  相似文献   

温度和盐度对华贵栉孔扇贝免疫相关酶的联合效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

栗志民  钱佳慧  劳翠英  刘志刚 《海洋科学进展》2015,33(2):227-238

为研究温度和盐度对华贵栉孔扇贝免疫相关酶活力的联合效应,采用中心复合设计(CCD)和响应曲面分析法(RSM)进行试验,在实验室条件下研究了温度(19~31℃),盐度(22~38)对华贵栉孔扇贝酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)三种免疫相关酶活性的联合效应,旨在考察温度与盐度对ACP,AKP和GR活性的影响及华贵栉孔扇贝免疫水平较高时的最佳温度和盐度组合,为华贵栉孔扇贝人工养殖所需条件提供理论基础。结果表明:温度的一次效应和二次效应对ACP,AKP和GR活力影响显著(P0.05);盐度的一次效应和二次效应对ACP,AKP和GR的活力影响显著(P0.05);温度和盐度的交互作用对ACP,AKP和GR活力的影响显著(P0.05)。采用响应曲面法,建立了温度和盐度对华贵栉孔扇贝ACP,AKP和GR活性影响的模型方程,该模型方程决定系数分别为0.986 6,0.981 3和0.957 6(P0.01),预测系数分别为0.934 5,0.888 0和0.738 4,表明该模型可以用于预测华贵栉孔扇贝ACP,AKP和GR活力变化。通过模型优化和验证实验,得到在温度24.30℃、盐度30.55时,ACP和AKP活力达到最小值,分别为170.43,181.74U/mg,而GR活力最大为0.34U/mg,满意度达0.95。  相似文献   

Chemical characterization of wet precipitation events and deposition of pollutants in coal mining region,India     

Abhay Kumar Singh  G. C. Mondal 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2008,59(1):1-23

The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation in India’s richest coal mining belt. Total 418 samples were collected on event basis at six sites from July to October in 2003 and May to October in 2004 and analysed for pH, EC, F⁻, Cl⁻, , , Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ and . The average pH value (5.7) of the rainwater of the investigated area is alkaline in nature. However, the temporal pH variation showed the alkaline nature during the early phase of monsoonal rainfall but it trends towards acidic during the late and high rainfall periods. The rainwater chemistry of the region showed high contribution of Ca²⁺ (47%) and (21%) in cations and (55%) and Cl⁻ (23%) in anionic abundance. The high non seas salt fraction (nss) of Ca²⁺ (99%) and Mg²⁺ (96%) suggests crustal source of the ions, while the high nss (96%) and high ratio signifying the impact of anthropogenic sources and the source of the acidity. The ratio of varies from 0.03 to 3.23 with the average value of 0.84 suggesting that Ca²⁺ and play a major role in neutralization processes. The assessment of the wet ionic deposition rates shows no any specific trend, however Ca²⁺ deposition rate was highest followed by and _.  相似文献   

Changes of cloud water chemical composition in the Western Sudety Mountains, Poland     

Marek B&#x;a  Mieczys&#x;aw Sobik  Ryszard Twarowski 《Atmospheric Research》2008,87(3-4):224

The changing chemical composition of cloud water and precipitation in the Western Sudety Mountains are discussed against the background of air-pollution changes in the Black Triangle since the 1980s until September 2004. A marked reduction of sulphur dioxide emissions between the early 1990's and the present (from almost 2 million tons to around 0.2 million tons) has been observed, with a substantial decline of sulphate and hydrogen concentration in cloud water (SO₄²⁻ from more than 200 to around 70 μmol l^− 1; H⁺ from 150 to 50 μmol l^− 1) and precipitation (SO₄²⁻ from around 80 to 20–30 μmol l^− 1; H⁺ from around 60 to 10–15 μmol l^− 1) samples. At some sites, where fog/cloud becomes the major source of pollutants, deposition hot spots are still observed where, for example, nitrogen deposition can exceed 20 times the relevant critical load. The results show that monitoring of cloud water chemistry can be a sensitive indicator of pollutant emissions.  相似文献   

1993—2006年中国区域酸雨变化特征及成因分析   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

赵艳霞  侯青 《气象学报》2008,66(6):1032-1042

中国气象局酸雨站网始建于1989年,最初仅有22个。1993—2005年,一直维持在85至88个,经2006和2007年两次扩建达到294个站。考虑到资料的连续性,本文是以80多个酸雨观测站有系统观测以来(即近14年)的酸雨观测资料为基础,经过客观统计分析,得出中国酸雨的时空变化特征。总的来说,中国酸雨区主体位于长江以南的广大地区,北方也存在小范围的酸雨区。从全国来看,酸雨发生范围总体上呈扩大趋势,北方酸雨发生范围扩大明显,南方基本保持不变;而且,酸雨污染重灾区由西南逐步转移至华中和华南中部。就酸雨强度而言,1993—1998年是最强阶段,1999—2002年强度有所降低,2003—2006年酸雨强度重又持续加强,到2006年已达到1993—1998年的平均水平;另一个显著特点是北方酸雨强度加强非常明显。对于中国区域降水酸度变化的成因,本文利用中国SO2排放量的变化和大气成分本底站降水化学的监测资料进行了分析和阐述。  相似文献